How does a lifeguard determine whether to perform a rescue or not?

A lifeguard determines whether to perform a rescue primarily by observing the victim's behavior in the water. This involves assessing signs such as whether the individual is actively swimming, struggling, or in distress. For instance, if the victim is flailing, submerged, or unable to keep their head above water, these behaviors indicate a need for a rescue. Observing the victim’s actions helps the lifeguard make a quick and informed decision about intervening to prevent drowning.

While assessing personal safety and the environment is crucial, the immediate factor for deciding on a rescue is the condition of the victim, represented by their behaviors in the water. Other factors like a victim's ability to assist themselves or listening to bystanders may provide additional context, but they do not take precedence over the direct observation of the victim's situation, which is fundamental to lifeguarding protocols.