What defines "active drowning"?

Active drowning is characterized by a person who is struggling in the water and unable to breathe effectively. During this phase of drowning, individuals may exhibit a range of desperate movements, such as thrashing, waving their arms, or trying to keep their head above water. This struggle is often visually distinctive, allowing trained observers, especially lifeguards, to recognize that immediate intervention is necessary.

In other situations, such as someone swimming effortlessly or quietly floating, there are no signs of distress or an inability to breathe, indicating that the individual is not in danger. Additionally, while a person consuming water while swimming might face challenges, it does not necessarily signify that they are actively drowning; they may still be able to swim and breathe, albeit with difficulty. Hence, the defining aspect of active drowning is the visible struggle and inability to breathe that requires prompt rescue efforts.