What situation do behaviors like struggling to keep face above water and not making forward progress describe?

The scenario described, where an individual exhibits behaviors such as struggling to keep their face above water and failing to make forward progress, characterizes an active drowning person. An active drowning individual typically demonstrates a clear struggle for survival, attempting to keep their head above water, often with erratic movements and gasping for air. This behavior indicates that they are in immediate distress and unable to safely swim, which distinguishes them from others who may be experiencing less critical swimming challenges, such as a swimmer in distress, who might be able to call for help or remain more stable in the water. Understanding these vital signs is crucial for lifeguards and responders, as they indicate the need for urgent intervention.